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https://rbf.capital/the-ethereum-merge/
The Merge is done in a very minimalistic and simple way. It basically takes the existing PoW chain, strips out the PoW, and makes it continue as a chain inside the PoS Beacon chain. This is a very ‘no frills’ Merge, with high technical debt where things like the execution data voting mechanism (this is how Beacon chain is currently aware of the PoW Mainnet) still exists, unstaking is still impossible, and there are a lot of format issues.
eth 1.0 nodes 負責兩件事
計算 nonce 把區塊串起來 -> 確保安全 -> 後稱 consensus layer
執行 EVM 跑出結果 -> 跑程式 -> 後稱 execution layer
目前的 eth mainnet 跟新的 beacon chain 是兩條獨立的鏈
The Merge 就是把原本程式碼&帳本 整份放進 新的 node 裡面
然後把計算 nonce 的部份 替換成 PoS