What is Ethereum Casper Protocol? Crash Course

very great introduction for ... eth 2.0 ...😊?

https://blockgeeks.com/guides/ethereum-casper/

• Helps achieve decentralization.
• Energy efficiency.
• Economic security.
• Scaling.
• Transition to POS.

it sounds ... kind of makes sense~ 😊

my last 2 questions left:

• in eth2.0, there's no mining, no new rewards, only transaction fees? really?
• how is the next validator be selected?

how is the next validator be selected?

https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/85797/how-to-model-randomness-in-validators-selection-in-pos

There is no one protocol set in stone that determines how the next block validator is chosen.

(1) Peercoin (the first coin to implement PoS consensus along with PoW) used coin age (no. of coins x no of days the coins are in the wallet) to determine the next validator.

(2) Then there is a hash selector (Ouroboros Praos protocol) wherein you take the current date and time, sign it with your private key and then check if it is less than the difficulty target. If yes, you are selected as the next validator.

(3) There was one method where the randomness of the next block will depend on the signature of the current block (this method is now defunct due to potential vulnerabilities.)

Cardano（ADA）的共识算法Ouroboros

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/33824015

Peercoin & Proof-of-Stake Consensus

https://university.peercoin.net/#/9-peercoin-proof-of-stake-consensus

How is a proof-of-stake block mined at the block level, and how does it accomplish it's goals?

https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/52321/how-is-a-proof-of-stake-block-mined-at-the-block-level-and-how-does-it-accompli